It features John Glassford – one of the four main ‘Tobacco Lords’ in Glasgow – and his family located within The Shawfield Mansion, the prototype colonial townhouse in the ‘Merchant City’ which was built in 1711. Named after his Archibald Ingram tobacco merchant. Merchant city festivals have a lot of different entertainments, including street arts, dance, live music, markets, fashion and design, comedy, family events, tours, heritage walks, talks, visual art, film, and children - families activities every year. Some were personal slaveowners and young children would have been brought here in the 1760s. We may receive a commission for purchases made through these links. Glassford Street Glasgow, a port city in western Scotland, was once a major center of trade with the West Indies. … After his return to the United States, he became the first African American to run a pharmacy. 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Many Scottish merchants also funded slave ships from other ports such as London, Bristol, Whitehaven and Liverpool, in what became known as the ‘triangular trade.’ He proposed to “dispose” of the man if he was left unclaimed: one assumes sell him into slavery in the West Indies. This grew into events as part of Glasgow’s Doors Open Days and a leaflet entitled “It wisnae us!” was released. The Merchant’s House shows the power of Glasgow’s merchants. Head further into Merchant City along Ingram Street, the exclusive fashion boulevard featuring Armani, Ralph Lauren, Mulberry, and Cruiseto drop just a few famous names! Glasgow’s imperial past is hinted at by names littered throughout the city centre, in geographic pointers such as Virginia Street and Jamaica Street; and tributes to tobacco barons in the likes of Buchanan Street and Ingram Street. The city of Glasgow wasn’t an innocent bystander in the slave trade. Glasgow’s full role in New World slavery can be viewed metaphorically in the painting: it has always been present, yet obscured from our view. The establishment of the Whistling Kirk was inextricably associated with Richard and Alexander Oswald, Caithness merchants who established a mercantile dynasty in Glasgow from the 1710s. First, the port in Glasgow had a 2-3 week advantage in using the trade winds to travel compared to other ports in Europe. What is now The Corinthian was the site of Virginia Mansion. We have outlined a trail around the city centre of Glasgow explaining the street names and pointing out some buildings of interest. Ewing’s father owned the largest sugar plantation in Jamaica. It is understood that a public consultation will be held based on the findings of the study in … An entire district near Glasgow’s city centre was re-named the Merchant City in the 1980s for marketing purposes. Slavery is Scotland's secret shame - that’s why acclaimed Glasgow author Louise Welsh wants us to confront our past at her new Commonwealth Games venue, the Empire Café. It is greatly altered since their day. At the end of 2019, Glasgow City Council launched a major academic study into Glasgow’s historic links to transatlantic slavery and the role the city played in the slave trade. Slave-owner’s name removed from Barclays Bank development in Glasgow. Throughout October they held a Sunday walking tour around Glasgow's city centre and its mercantile past, examining its sinister entanglement with the Transatlantic slave trade. The Merchants House is topped with a globe, with a sailing ship, flanked by two female figures. Not any more. Named after the country of Jamaica. What is now the Gallery of Modern Art that was originally the Cunninghame Mansion which was a mansion for a single man, William Cunninghame of Lainshaw. Should nothing be done? Elderslie Street The Runaway Slaves project at the University of Glasgow is uncovering new details about the black population of Scotland and England during the period 1700-1780. Under grand tombs and memorials, you will find the finest of Glasgow society. A grand building which reflects the power of what was once the largest empire in the world. From the Trongate, we walk down to St Andrews in the Square. Or should they be re-named completely? The “second city of empire” was how this year’s host of the Commonwealth Games used to be well known. With Black Lives Matters protests in the news, the debate has risen again on whether or not Glasgow’s streets should be renamed. St Andrews by the Green also known as the Whistling Kirk. Built in 1826, Ramshorn Kirk and Graveyard is a resting point within the busy city centre. The project explored Glasgow’s involvement in the tobacco and sugar industries, and the system of forced labour that it depended on – all themes which were developed in the Empire Cafe Project at the Briggait this summer. The audio trail, Merchant City Voices, a series of seven sound installations commissioned by Glasgow City Council, won the 2013 Scottish Design Award. Further south, we arrive at St Andrews by the Green completed in 1751-2. Even though slavery had been judged illegal in Britain, the slave trade system was allowed to continue in the British Empire. In Scotland we tend to see ourselves as the oppressed colony of the English, without reflecting much upon our role in the “triangular trade” or as overseers and masters on the plantations. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. The Cuninghame Mansion – now The Gallery of Modern Art – was built by William Cuninghame, one of the four main ‘Tobacco Lords’ during Glasgow’s ‘golden age of tobacco’, 1740-1790. What are the street names that link Glasgow to the slave trade era? He was a tobacco importer who lived there until 1802. Glasgow Corporation acquired the building in 1949 and moved Stirling’s Library from Miller Street to here. Your email address will not be published. There, captive Africans were bought and taken to North American and the Caribbean and sold as slaves. It was discovered that the university had benefited from the equivalent of between £16.7 million and £198 million from the profits of slavery (via gifts and bequests) in the 18th and 19th centuries. Your email address will not be published. Originally the Tobacco Exchange, and later the Sugar Exchange. The Glasgow streets named after merchants who had links to slavery should be changed, a senior council figure has claimed. Tobacco Merchants House illustrates the living conditions of a ‘Tobacco Laird’, a colonial merchant lower down the economic rung from the elite ‘Tobacco Lords’. The tobacco lords became successful because they were able to monopolise tobacco and sugar crops. In the sacristry of Glasgow Cathedral is a large stained glass window dedicated to tobacco lord Alexander Speirs of Elderslie’. James McCune Smith was the first African American to hold a medical degree and graduated at the top in his class from the University of Glasgow. Records show that slaves were being used as far back as the early 1500s. This was the site of the Tontine Rooms (which sat next to the Tolbooth Steeple) which served as the social and commercial headquarters of mercantile Glasgow. Cochrane Street The Oswald family (see Oswald Street) were involved in the foundation of the church. This Act stopped the transatlantic slave trade in the British Empire, but slavery was still legal. The burial plot of Andrew Buchanan, after whom Buchanan Street is named and the Oswald family have a burial plot within the Cathedral. Slaves within the city of Glasgow will have carried out a whole variety of tasks; but the information is slight. Many resisted and rebelled against oppressive conditions in Scotland and flight was one means to do this. Built in a Palladian style and completed in 1775, Tobacco Merchants House is the oldest surviving building in the ‘Merchant City’ which also underlines little remains of Georgian Glasgow and the city centre is almost all Victoriana. In 1780 it cost £10,000 to build, equivalent to around £1.5m today! Built between 1882 and 1888, the City Chambers is civic demonstration of Glasgow’s claim to be the ‘Second City of Empire’. Nowadays it is home to a thriving bar and restaurant scene (at least it was pre-COVID…) Who were the Tobacco … Capital derived from exploitative and usurious activities in America, the West and East Indies all played a role. The Virginia Galleries was once at the heart of the commercial area of Glasgow. Completed in 1778 and built in the Palladian style of architecture, it was described at the time as one of the most fantastic houses in the west of Scotland. Names such as Glassford Street, Virginia Street and more. It is here you will see most of the names associated with the slave trade. Glasgow had two advantages. 4.5 (264 ratings) 5. Charles was the brother of Glasgow merchant George Robb who married into the ... which had 45 slaves, and two claims for the Glasgow estate, for 27 and 57 slaves respectively. Other streets recall the triangular trade more directly, with modern streets bearing names like Virginia Street and Jamaica Street. He supported the petition of 30,000 residents of the city to end the apprenticeship scheme in the West Indies that had continued a form of slavery. The granite sarcophagus of James Ewing can be found in in the Necropolis. Merchant City is an area in the city centre stretching from Queen Street in the west to High Street in the east, and from Trongate in the south to Ingram Street in the north. It wasn’t until 1807 that the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act was passed in Britain. There are 19 recorded slave voyages which left from the ports of Greenock and Port Glasgow over a sixty-year period from 1706 and 1766 said to carry around 2 to 3,000 people directly into slavery. Here they might have discussed the price of slaves in Africa, the growing conditions of tobacco in Virginia, the sugar crop in Jamaica and the tobacco market in France. There are also three famous court cases: Jamie Montgomery (1756), David Spens (1769-1770) and Joseph Knight (1774-1778) which provide further details. As I thought over the concept of a ‘Slave Merchant City’, I stumbled on the city’s booster slogan ‘People Make Glasgow’. It was originally built in 1752 for George Buchanan but demolished in 1842. The building was demolished in 2003 after lying unused for 5 years due to subsidence and fears that the building may eventually collapse. These were shipped back to Britain where the process started again. He owned plantations in Virginia and Maryland. Mrs Foodie aka Emma loves to snuggle with Fred and Cleo, sleep and read. The Necropolis was opened in 1833, the idea of James Ewing, a prominent merchant. Goods from Europe were traded with West Africa to be sold or exchanged. This along with the French monarchy granting a monopoly for the importation of tobacco into French territories in 1747 gave Glasgow a huge advantage. Glasgow Museums are currently working through how to better represent New World Slavery within their collections (a process stimulated by the important Georgian Glasgow exhibit in 2014). 1. In this way, Glasgow merchants came to monopolise the trade in tobacco and sugar, although the latter to a much lesser extent. Today, it is modern housing overlooking Virginia Court. The actual name “Merchant City” has no historic significance and was only coined in the 20th century, the original name simply being Trongate. Named after John Glassford. Learn from the past with this Glasgow slave trade trail. The church was redeveloped by The Glasgow Building Preservation Trust and is now Glasgow’s Centre for Scottish Culture, promoting Scottish music, song and dance. 3. Or should they be kept as they are but with plaques explaining their meaning to help with discussions – such as is seen in cities such as Paris and Berlin? Nestled amongst imposing 19th and 20th century industrial and retail architecture on Miller Street in Glasgow’s Merchant City, sits an attractive little house, built in 1775. Named after Alexander Speirs of Elderslie owners of plantations in Virginia. However, there has been no adequate explanation of the nation’s spectacular rise from one of the poorest nations in western Europe after Darien fiasco in the mid-1690s to nineteenth-century industrial powerhouse. We will try to answer these questions and look at the history of the slave trade in Glasgow. Tobago Street Many ran away thus inadvertently generating details of their lives particularly through newspapers in which masters placed what were essentially lost property adverts. The People’s Palace also holds the Glassford Family portrait which was painted in 1767 by Archibald McLauchlan of the Foulis Academy (associated with Old College, now the University of Glasgow). Information posted on this website was accurate when it was published, but can change without notice. Running from September 30 until November 28, the display highlighted Glasgow’s involvement in the slave trade in the 17th and 18th centuries. Gordon Street In effect, the merchants cut out the Africa leg of the triangular trade and went directly to the plantations. The Merchant City in Glasgow dates back to the 1750s and is one of the oldest areas of Glasgow. Glasgow City Centre; Steak Cattle & Roll Merchant Square; Steak Cattle & Roll Merchant Square - Glasgow City Centre . There are also memorials to Sir James Stirling of Keir, who owned plantations and slaves in Jamaica, and to Andrew Cochrane, who owned the King Street Sugarhouse. It was home to the warehouses and dwellings of the merchants who shipped tobacco, sugar and tea. The Oswald family had extensive links with the tobacco and sugar trades.Plantations in the Caribbean, Florida, and Bance Island in Sierra Leone, which he used as a base for transporting Africans into slavery in South Carolina. It was a status symbol. Presbyterian ‘Tobacco Lords’ attended to their spiritual needs and the Kirk was constructed between 1739-1756. Named after John Gordon of Aikenhead, who was a partner in tobacco and sugar trading firm Stirling, Gordon and Co. Ingram Street Find us on FACEBOOK | INSTAGRAM | PINTEREST | TWITTER| and YOUTUBE, You can also subscribe to Foodie Explorers to keep up to date, See the handy Pinterest image below if you wish to pin this for later . Nowadays it is home to a thriving  bar and restaurant scene ( at least it was pre-COVID…). Two Tobacco Lords are buried here: John Glassford and Andrew Buchanan. Dunlop Street Jamaica Street Signs of it can be seen quite clearly, from buildings to street names. The University of Glasgow announced in 2018, that it would begin a programme of ‘reparative justice’. Read more. Who were the merchants who gave the name to the Merchant City? Glasgow City Archives made the documents public at Mitchell Library to coincide with Black History Month. Although the fate of the young black child in the Glassford painting is unknown, we have records for some others, many of whom ran away from their masters. American; Vegan Friendly; Vegetarian; Burgers; Halal; Drinks; Opens at ; 17 Bell Street, Merchant Square, Glasgow, G11NU; View map; New LUNCH OFFER available Monday to Friday! The city’s first paved street was located outside the Tontine Rooms and this was where the ‘Tobacco Lords’ convened. There are stunning views of the city from the Necropolis on this cemetery modelled on Pere-Lachaise in Paris. 2. He is from the family which had been deeply involved in the tobacco and sugar trades since the 1730s. Here you can find St. Andrew’s Church with the interior furnished with rich mahogany imported by slave ships from the West Indies. This was not a unique case and there are other records providing more detail. City. Alexander Campbell, Glasgow’s Sugar Aristocrat Alexander Campbell of Hallyards (1768-1817) was one of Glasgow’s most illustrious West India merchants active during the city’s ‘golden age’ of sugar. It was home to the warehouses and dwellings of the merchants who shipped tobacco, sugar and tea. Visitors have hailed an exhibit about Glasgow’s links to slavery as an eye opener. Named after John Robertson who had plantations in the Caribbean, and where the Plantation area of Kinning Park gets its name. Glasgow City Council has appointed a multidisciplinary team of local and international consultants to prepare for the next phase of our City Centre District Regeneration Frameworks (DRFs). In 1996 the building was converted to house the Gallery of Modern Art. Section 3. Arriving at the Trongate (passing the site Pleading ignorance of slavery doesn’t bear scrutiny. Around nineteen slave ships left from Port Glasgow and Greenock, the city’s satellite ports. The original home of Glasgow University was on High Street. In this way, Glasgow merchants came to monopolise the trade in tobacco and sugar, although the latter to a much lesser extent. This short trip ends at The People’s Palace in Glasgow Green. Anti-racism campaigners have renamed streets in Glasgow city centre that have links to the slave trade. The new building originally housed the Glasgow Ship Bank then in 1929 the building was converted into the city’s High Court. Please be sure to confirm all rates and details directly with the companies in question before planning your trip. The building was restored as offices by Glasgow Building Preservation Trust in 1995. The core of the mansion became the Royal Exchange in 1827-29. Glasgow University Rector sold man for £100 and spent the money on wine, Scot Free: Dr. James McCune-Smith and the long arm of racism, pt.III, Scot Free: Dr. James McCune-Smith and the long arm of racism, pt.II, Scot Free: Dr. James McCune-Smith and the long arm of racism, pt.I. Austin-Smith-Lord will lead the team, in partnership with Rotterdam based urbanists Studio for New Realities, WAVEparticle and will also draw upon the expertise of Urban Movement and Civic Engineers. In 2007, Glasgow Built Preservation Trust (GBPT), in partnership with Glasgow Anti Racist Alliance, developed an exhibition linking Glasgow’s built heritage with the slave trade. Did you know that the street was named after Andrew Buchanan. Oswald Street Required fields are marked *. The contact to get the man back was Andrew Ramsay, a noted merchant and future Lord Provost of Glasgow. There are also memorials to Sir James Stirling of Keir, who owned plantations and slaves in Jamaica, and to Andrew Cochrane, who owned the King Street Sugarhouse. Scotland and the Slave Trade Scottish Executive On-line book www.scotland.gov.uk/, Scottish Archive Network On-line exhibition www.scan.org.uk/exhibitions, The British Slave Trade Open University www.open2.net/slavery, The Port Cities (Bristol, Liverpool, London, Hartlepool, Southampton) has lots of Laid out as a fashionable place to live and socialise. Looking closely at the triangular facade on the front of the City Chambers, Queen Victoria sits atop a series of native peoples bringing gifts: the subservient role of the colonies inscribed into the city’s architecture. Although Scotland had limited involvement with direct slave trade voyages (known as the ‘triangular trade’) and there were only 31 recorded between 1706 and 1766, the merchants of Glasgow traded in slave-grown produce. This article has traced locations where the ‘Tobacco Lords’ and ‘Sugar Aristocracy’ worked, lived, worshipped, convened. If you look on the pavement in Ingram Street you will see the initials RF & AF, this is the resting place of Robert and Andrew Foulis, Glasgow booksellers who opened 10 years before the more well known John Smith bookseller. Speirs Wharf The Tobacco Merchant’s House is the oldest surviving house in the Merchant 4. The mansion was purchased by the Royal Bank of Scotland in 1817 and was converted to become the new Exchange of the city. Exactly what is a ‘Merchant City’? The City Chambers’ architecture, therefore, reflects  Glasgow’s status as one of the most prominent port cities of the Second British Empire. Named after Andrew Cochrane of Brighouse who was a wealthy tobacco merchant and also Lord Provost. The Merchant City, as the name suggests, was where the merchants of Glasgow resided and carried out their business. His money came from the tobacco and sugar trade. Start a discussion and not try to eradicate part of the history of the city. In 1756 a notice in the Glasgow Courant stated merchant James Anderson was looking for another runaway ‘called Cupid…born at Cape Faire in North America. The Merchant City is a label for the part of Glasgow where the merchants formerly lived and also had their warehouses. The Merchant City in Glasgow dates back to the 1750s and is one of the oldest areas of Glasgow. The area lost its position as a swish place to stay as residents moved to the West End. I’ve been working with Glasgow Museums on the ‘Hidden Legacies’ project and we spent an enjoyable afternoon taking a tour through imperial Glasgow exploring the city’s historical connections with New World slavery. It was legal to own a slave in Scotland until 1778. 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