Synonyms: chorography, geography, geomorphology… Find the right word. topography. Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of the Sahara Desert features shifting sand dunes and dry, rocky mountains. Topography, a term in geography, has come to refer to the "lie of the land", or the geographic characteristics of land in terms of elevation, slope, and orientation. " In the 20th century, the term topography started to be used to describe surface description in other fields where mapping in a broader sense is used, particularly in medical fields such as neurology. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science and is concerned with local detail in general, including not only relief, but also natural and artificial features, and even local history and culture. that the map represents a complete surface. Topography: the physical features of a region as a whole. Topography combines top- with graph-, a root meaning "write" or "describe". 3. Discussion of an area’s geography usually refers to its topography—its relief and drainage patterns and predominant vegetation, along with climate and weather patterns—together with human responses to that environment, as in agricultural, industrial, and other land uses and in … It takes account of the factors like relative positions and elevations related to a particular landscape. It is often considered to include the graphic representation of the landform on a map by a variety of techniques, including contour lines, hypsometric tints, and relief shading. Michael Paterniti Kiese Makeba Laymon Carina Del Valle Schorske Dessa Irina Aleksander Sam Dolnick Mark Binelli Maggie Jones Rob Hoerburger Jamie Lauren Keiles Devin Gordon Jazmine Hughes Jenna Wortham Jade Chang Taffy Brodesser-akner Kaitlyn Greenidge Reginald Dwayne Betts Rowan Ricardo Phillips Wesley Morris Ismail Muhammad Anthony Giardina, We Added New Words to the Dictionary for January 2021. (Physical Geography) the detailed mapping of the configuration of a region. DEMs may be derived from existing paper maps and survey data, or they may be generated from new satellite or other remotely sensed radar or sonar data. This handy word is a Greek-rooted combo of topos meaning "place" and graphein "to write." SINCE 1828. It’s closely related to geodesy and surveying which are concerned with accurately measuring the land surface. The physical characteristics, especially the surface features, of an area. A variety of colors can be found on a map, each relating to different types of features. As with field notes, remote sensing data (aerial and satellite photography, for example), is raw and uninterpreted. determine a trajectory of overflight of the ground, This page was last edited on 2 January 2021, at 14:23. Applying a geographic perspective demonstrates geography’s concern not just with where things are, but with “the why of where”—a short, but useful definition of geography’s central focus. This meaning is less common in the United States, where topographic maps with elevation contours have made topography synonymous with relief. These topological relationships allow complex spatial modelling and analysis to be performed. These were defined in 1984 by the National Council for Geographic Education and the Association of American Geographers to facilitate and organize the teaching of geography in the K … For example, topography refers to mountains, valleys, rivers or craters on the surface.The origin of topography comes from “topo” for “place” and “graphia” for “writing”. In tissue engineering, atomic force microscopy is used to map nanotopography. In Britain and in Europe in general, the word topography is still sometimes used in its original sense.[5]. Slippery Words Quiz—Changing with the Times. Human Geography. Satellite RADAR mapping is one of the major techniques of generating Digital Elevation Models (see below). 3. A book on geography. Synonym: videokeratography See also: topography In recent years, LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging), a remote sensing technique that uses a laser instead of radio waves, has increasingly been employed for complex mapping needs such as charting canopies and monitoring glaciers. 2. This data must often be "cleaned" to eliminate discrepancies between surveys, but it still forms a valuable set of information for large-scale analysis. topography meaning: 1. the physical appearance of the natural features of an area of land, especially the shape of its…. Certainly they have become more and more a part of geovisualization, whether maps or GIS systems. It includes the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a particular hunk of earth. [6] The earliest scientific surveys in France were called the Cassini maps after the family who produced them over four generations. Cambridge Dictionary +Plus Many government and private publishers use the artwork (especially the contour lines) from existing topographic map sheets as the basis for their own specialized or updated topographic maps.[9]. It includes the study of these features on any of the land like the Earth, the moon, an asteroid, or on a distant planet. [citation needed] The term "topographic surveys" appears to be American in origin. There are a variety of approaches to studying topography. topography in Geography topic. Topography is a branch of planetary science which deals with the study of natural and artificial features of a place. Identifying (naming) features, and recognizing typical landform patterns are also part of the field. Geography (from Greek: γεωγραφία, geographia, literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. A detailed graphic representation of the surface features of a place or object. Most modern topographic mapping includes a large component of remotely sensed data in its compilation process. Topographic survey information is historically based upon the notes of surveyors. (Physical Geography) the study or detailed description of the surface features of a region. Topological relationships between geometric entities traditionally include adjacency (what adjoins what), containment (what encloses what), and proximity (how close something is to something else). Learn a new word every day. 'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'. The design of the house had to be integrated into the site’s steep, Rein can add still more variables like wind and, Owing to an unlucky combination of nearby wildfires, wind currents, and, The wind direction shifts now from the northwest to the northeast, and the fire leaps into alignment with the, This is a matter of temperament as much as, Post the Definition of topography to Facebook, Share the Definition of topography on Twitter. It may contain holes (due to cloud cover for example) or inconsistencies (due to the timing of specific image captures). The USGS calls maps based on topographic surveys, but without contours, "planimetric maps.". Topography is the study of the land surface. The word comes from the Greek τόπος (topos, "place") and -γραφία (-graphia, "writing"). Topographic mapping should not be confused with geologic mapping. the detailed mapping or charting of the features of a relatively small area, district, or locality. Work on one of the first topographic maps was begun in France by Giovanni Domenico Cassini, the great Italian astronomer. 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? ‘The surface topography of the silicified microbe is controlled by the size and distribution of the opal-A spheres.’ ‘A computer, programmed with the patient's refraction and corneal topography, controls the laser beam to precisely remove corneal tissue.’ ‘They use a surface topography conducive to generating new bone growth.’ Learn more. It can also include the surface of other planets, the moon, asteroids and meteors. They may derive naming and cultural information from other local sources (for example, boundary delineation may be derived from local cadastral mapping). ‘For a work of economic geography, there are few maps, and none of them is very detailed.’ Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. This is also known as geomorphometry. An objective of topography is to determine the position of any feature or more generally any point in terms of both a horizontal coordinate system such as latitude, longitude, and altitude. The insights that have come from geographic research show … In the most applications in environmental sciences, land surface is represented and modelled using gridded models. A topographic map shows how the ground is shaped and provides a way to calculate the height of the features on the map. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! In neuroscience, the neuroimaging discipline uses techniques such as EEG topography for brain mapping. This includes changes in the surface such as mountains and valleys as well as features such as rivers and roads. The latter is concerned with underlying structures and processes to the surface, rather than with identifiable surface features. [4] In classical literature this refers to writing about a place or places, what is now largely called 'local history'. In the United States, USGS topographic maps show relief using contour lines. While not officially "topographic" maps, the national surveys of other nations share many of the same features, and so they are often called "topographic maps. Topography is a detailed map of the surface features of land. More sophisticated algorithms can exploit other information on the scene known a priori (for example, symmetries in certain cases allowing the rebuilding of three-dimensional co-ordinates starting from one only position of the camera). For discussion of land surfaces themselves, see, Definition from WordNet Search – princeton.edu, Definition from Federal Citizen Information Center – pueblo.gsa.gov, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Topographical Engineers – History and Personnel, National Geographic Trails Illustrated Maps, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topography&oldid=997844167, Articles needing additional references from January 2021, All articles needing additional references, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The topography of an area could refer to the surface forms and features themselves, or a description (especially their depiction in maps). It is an important part of earth science.. What does topography mean? Find more ways to say topography, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. 1. In human anatomy, topography is superficial human anatomy. In this technique, the common points are identified on each image. It is the intersection of its rays (triangulation) which determines the relative three-dimensional position of the point. Another word for topography. Geography seeks to understand where things are found, why they are there, and how they develop and change over time. Send us feedback. Digital Land Surface Models should not be confused with Digital Surface Models, which can be surfaces of the canopy, buildings and similar objects. The difference between the two surface models can then be used to derive volumetric measures (height of trees etc.). Topography is the study of the shape and features of the surface of the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including planets, moons, and asteroids. 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